Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo
Identifieur interne : 007010 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007009; suivant : 007011Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo
Auteurs : Morten Rasmussen [Danemark] ; Yingrui Li [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Stinus Lindgreen [Danemark] ; Jakob Skou Pedersen [Danemark] ; Anders Albrechtsen [Danemark] ; Ida Moltke [Danemark] ; Mait Metspalu [Estonie] ; Ene Metspalu [Estonie] ; Toomas Kivisild [Estonie, Royaume-Uni] ; Ramneek Gupta [Danemark] ; Marcelo Bertalan [Danemark] ; Kasper Nielsen [Danemark] ; M. Thomas P. Gilbert [Danemark] ; Yong Wang [États-Unis] ; Maanasa Raghavan [Danemark, Royaume-Uni] ; Paula F. Campos [Danemark] ; Hanne Munkholm Kamp [Danemark] ; Andrew S. Wilson [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew Gledhill [Royaume-Uni] ; Silvana Tridico [Australie] ; Michael Bunce [Australie] ; Eline D. Lorenzen [Danemark] ; Jonas Binladen [Danemark] ; Xiaosen Guo [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Jing Zhao [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Xiuqing Zhang [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Hao Zhang [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Zhuo Li [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Minfeng Chen [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Ludovic Orlando [France] ; Karsten Kristiansen [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Mads Bak [Danemark] ; Niels Tommerup [Danemark] ; Christian Bendixen [Danemark] ; Tracey L. Pierre [Royaume-Uni] ; Bjarne Gr Nnow [Danemark] ; Morten Meldgaard [Danemark] ; Claus Andreasen ; Sardana A. Fedorova [Estonie, Russie] ; Ludmila P. Osipova [Russie] ; Thomas F. G. Higham [Royaume-Uni] ; Christopher Bronk Ramsey [Royaume-Uni] ; Thomas V. O. Hansen [Danemark] ; Finn C. Nielsen [Danemark] ; Michael H. Crawford [États-Unis] ; S Ren Brunak [Danemark] ; Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén [Danemark] ; Richard Villems [Estonie] ; Rasmus Nielsen [Danemark, États-Unis] ; Anders Krogh [Danemark] ; Jun Wang [Danemark, République populaire de Chine] ; Eske Willerslev [Danemark]Source :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature08835
PubMed: 20148029
PubMed Central: 3951495
Affiliations:
- Australie, Danemark, Estonie, France, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Guangdong, Kansas
- Cambridge, Lawrence (Kansas), Shenzhen
- Université de Cambridge, Université du Kansas
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 001D29
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 001B86
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 002652
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000723
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000723
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000723
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 007539
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 007010
Le document en format XML
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id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" 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Gilbert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yong" sort="Wang, Yong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yong" last="Wang">Yong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raghavan, Maanasa" sort="Raghavan, Maanasa" uniqKey="Raghavan M" first="Maanasa" last="Raghavan">Maanasa Raghavan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" sort="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" uniqKey="Kamp H" first="Hanne Munkholm" last="Kamp">Hanne Munkholm Kamp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Andrew S" sort="Wilson, Andrew S" uniqKey="Wilson A" first="Andrew S." last="Wilson">Andrew S. Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gledhill, Andrew" sort="Gledhill, Andrew" uniqKey="Gledhill A" first="Andrew" last="Gledhill">Andrew Gledhill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Biological Criminalistics, Australian Federal Police, 1 Unwin Place, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Biological Criminalistics, Australian Federal Police, 1 Unwin Place, Weston, ACT 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ACT 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth 6150</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth 6150</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzen, Eline D" sort="Lorenzen, Eline D" uniqKey="Lorenzen E" first="Eline D." last="Lorenzen">Eline D. Lorenzen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binladen, Jonas" sort="Binladen, Jonas" uniqKey="Binladen J" first="Jonas" last="Binladen">Jonas Binladen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing" sort="Zhao, Jing" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing" last="Zhao">Jing Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiuqing" sort="Zhang, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiuqing" last="Zhang">Xiuqing Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hao" sort="Zhang, Hao" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hao" last="Zhang">Hao Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Zhuo" sort="Li, Zhuo" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhuo" last="Li">Zhuo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Minfeng" sort="Chen, Minfeng" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Minfeng" last="Chen">Minfeng Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Paleogenetics and Molecular Evolution, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paleogenetics and Molecular Evolution, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bak, Mads" sort="Bak, Mads" uniqKey="Bak M" first="Mads" last="Bak">Mads Bak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tommerup, Niels" sort="Tommerup, Niels" uniqKey="Tommerup N" first="Niels" last="Tommerup">Niels Tommerup</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bendixen, Christian" sort="Bendixen, Christian" uniqKey="Bendixen C" first="Christian" last="Bendixen">Christian Bendixen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO BOX 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO BOX 50, DK-8830 Tjele</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-8830 Tjele</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierre, Tracey L" sort="Pierre, Tracey L" uniqKey="Pierre T" first="Tracey L." last="Pierre">Tracey L. Pierre</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" sort="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" uniqKey="Gr Nnow B" first="Bjarne" last="Gr Nnow">Bjarne Gr Nnow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK-1220 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK-1220 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1220 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meldgaard, Morten" sort="Meldgaard, Morten" uniqKey="Meldgaard M" first="Morten" last="Meldgaard">Morten Meldgaard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasen, Claus" sort="Andreasen, Claus" uniqKey="Andreasen C" first="Claus" last="Andreasen">Claus Andreasen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Greenland National Museum and Archives, PO Box 145, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Greenland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 Sergelyahonskoe Shosse, Yakutsk 677019, Sakha, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 Sergelyahonskoe Shosse, Yakutsk 677019, Sakha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sakha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higham, Thomas F G" sort="Higham, Thomas F G" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Thomas F. G." last="Higham">Thomas F. G. Higham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Thomas V O" sort="Hansen, Thomas V O" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Thomas V. O." last="Hansen">Thomas V. O. Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Finn C" sort="Nielsen, Finn C" uniqKey="Nielsen F" first="Finn C." last="Nielsen">Finn C. Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Michael H" sort="Crawford, Michael H" uniqKey="Crawford M" first="Michael H." last="Crawford">Michael H. Crawford</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Kansas</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Lawrence (Kansas)</settlement><region type="state">Kansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Pontén">Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20148029</idno><idno type="pmc">3951495</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951495</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3951495</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature08835</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D29</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D29</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001B86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001B86</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002652</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002652</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000723</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000723</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000723</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0028-0836:2010:Rasmussen M:ancient:human:genome</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">007539</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">007010</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">007010</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo</title><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Morten" sort="Rasmussen, Morten" uniqKey="Rasmussen M" first="Morten" last="Rasmussen">Morten Rasmussen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yingrui" sort="Li, Yingrui" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yingrui" last="Li">Yingrui Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindgreen, Stinus" sort="Lindgreen, Stinus" uniqKey="Lindgreen S" first="Stinus" last="Lindgreen">Stinus Lindgreen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Jakob Skou" sort="Pedersen, Jakob Skou" uniqKey="Pedersen J" first="Jakob Skou" last="Pedersen">Jakob Skou Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrechtsen, Anders" sort="Albrechtsen, Anders" uniqKey="Albrechtsen A" first="Anders" last="Albrechtsen">Anders Albrechtsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moltke, Ida" sort="Moltke, Ida" uniqKey="Moltke I" first="Ida" last="Moltke">Ida Moltke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Ramneek" sort="Gupta, Ramneek" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Ramneek" last="Gupta">Ramneek Gupta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertalan, Marcelo" sort="Bertalan, Marcelo" uniqKey="Bertalan M" first="Marcelo" last="Bertalan">Marcelo Bertalan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kasper" sort="Nielsen, Kasper" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kasper" last="Nielsen">Kasper Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yong" sort="Wang, Yong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yong" last="Wang">Yong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raghavan, Maanasa" sort="Raghavan, Maanasa" uniqKey="Raghavan M" first="Maanasa" last="Raghavan">Maanasa Raghavan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" sort="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" uniqKey="Kamp H" first="Hanne Munkholm" last="Kamp">Hanne Munkholm Kamp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Andrew S" sort="Wilson, Andrew S" uniqKey="Wilson A" first="Andrew S." last="Wilson">Andrew S. Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gledhill, Andrew" sort="Gledhill, Andrew" uniqKey="Gledhill A" first="Andrew" last="Gledhill">Andrew Gledhill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Biological Criminalistics, Australian Federal Police, 1 Unwin Place, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Biological Criminalistics, Australian Federal Police, 1 Unwin Place, Weston, ACT 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ACT 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth 6150</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth 6150</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzen, Eline D" sort="Lorenzen, Eline D" uniqKey="Lorenzen E" first="Eline D." last="Lorenzen">Eline D. Lorenzen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binladen, Jonas" sort="Binladen, Jonas" uniqKey="Binladen J" first="Jonas" last="Binladen">Jonas Binladen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing" sort="Zhao, Jing" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing" last="Zhao">Jing Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiuqing" sort="Zhang, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiuqing" last="Zhang">Xiuqing Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Hao" sort="Zhang, Hao" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hao" last="Zhang">Hao Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Zhuo" sort="Li, Zhuo" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhuo" last="Li">Zhuo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Minfeng" sort="Chen, Minfeng" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Minfeng" last="Chen">Minfeng Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Paleogenetics and Molecular Evolution, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paleogenetics and Molecular Evolution, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69364 Lyon Cedex 07</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bak, Mads" sort="Bak, Mads" uniqKey="Bak M" first="Mads" last="Bak">Mads Bak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tommerup, Niels" sort="Tommerup, Niels" uniqKey="Tommerup N" first="Niels" last="Tommerup">Niels Tommerup</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Wilhelm Johannsen Centre For Functional Genome Research, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bendixen, Christian" sort="Bendixen, Christian" uniqKey="Bendixen C" first="Christian" last="Bendixen">Christian Bendixen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO BOX 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO BOX 50, DK-8830 Tjele</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-8830 Tjele</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierre, Tracey L" sort="Pierre, Tracey L" uniqKey="Pierre T" first="Tracey L." last="Pierre">Tracey L. Pierre</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QY</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" sort="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" uniqKey="Gr Nnow B" first="Bjarne" last="Gr Nnow">Bjarne Gr Nnow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK-1220 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK-1220 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1220 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meldgaard, Morten" sort="Meldgaard, Morten" uniqKey="Meldgaard M" first="Morten" last="Meldgaard">Morten Meldgaard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasen, Claus" sort="Andreasen, Claus" uniqKey="Andreasen C" first="Claus" last="Andreasen">Claus Andreasen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Greenland National Museum and Archives, PO Box 145, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Greenland</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 Sergelyahonskoe Shosse, Yakutsk 677019, Sakha, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 Sergelyahonskoe Shosse, Yakutsk 677019, Sakha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sakha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lavrentyeva Ave. Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higham, Thomas F G" sort="Higham, Thomas F G" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Thomas F. G." last="Higham">Thomas F. G. Higham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3QY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bradford BD7 1DP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Thomas V O" sort="Hansen, Thomas V O" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Thomas V. O." last="Hansen">Thomas V. O. Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Finn C" sort="Nielsen, Finn C" uniqKey="Nielsen F" first="Finn C." last="Nielsen">Finn C. Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crawford, Michael H" sort="Crawford, Michael H" uniqKey="Crawford M" first="Michael H." last="Crawford">Michael H. Crawford</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Kansas</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Lawrence (Kansas)</settlement><region type="state">Kansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Pontén">Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510101 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC-Berkeley, 4098 VLSB, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Estonie</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Guangdong</li><li>Kansas</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li><li>Lawrence (Kansas)</li><li>Shenzhen</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li><li>Université du Kansas</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Andreasen, Claus" sort="Andreasen, Claus" uniqKey="Andreasen C" first="Claus" last="Andreasen">Claus Andreasen</name></noCountry><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Morten" sort="Rasmussen, Morten" uniqKey="Rasmussen M" first="Morten" last="Rasmussen">Morten Rasmussen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Albrechtsen, Anders" sort="Albrechtsen, Anders" uniqKey="Albrechtsen A" first="Anders" last="Albrechtsen">Anders Albrechtsen</name><name sortKey="Bak, Mads" sort="Bak, Mads" uniqKey="Bak M" first="Mads" last="Bak">Mads Bak</name><name sortKey="Bendixen, Christian" sort="Bendixen, Christian" uniqKey="Bendixen C" first="Christian" last="Bendixen">Christian Bendixen</name><name sortKey="Bertalan, Marcelo" sort="Bertalan, Marcelo" uniqKey="Bertalan M" first="Marcelo" last="Bertalan">Marcelo Bertalan</name><name sortKey="Binladen, Jonas" sort="Binladen, Jonas" uniqKey="Binladen J" first="Jonas" last="Binladen">Jonas Binladen</name><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name><name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name><name sortKey="Chen, Minfeng" sort="Chen, Minfeng" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Minfeng" last="Chen">Minfeng Chen</name><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name><name sortKey="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" sort="Gr Nnow, Bjarne" uniqKey="Gr Nnow B" first="Bjarne" last="Gr Nnow">Bjarne Gr Nnow</name><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><name sortKey="Gupta, Ramneek" sort="Gupta, Ramneek" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Ramneek" last="Gupta">Ramneek Gupta</name><name sortKey="Hansen, Thomas V O" sort="Hansen, Thomas V O" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Thomas V. O." last="Hansen">Thomas V. O. Hansen</name><name sortKey="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" sort="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" uniqKey="Kamp H" first="Hanne Munkholm" last="Kamp">Hanne Munkholm Kamp</name><name sortKey="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" sort="Kamp, Hanne Munkholm" uniqKey="Kamp H" first="Hanne Munkholm" last="Kamp">Hanne Munkholm Kamp</name><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><name sortKey="Krogh, Anders" sort="Krogh, Anders" uniqKey="Krogh A" first="Anders" last="Krogh">Anders Krogh</name><name sortKey="Li, Yingrui" sort="Li, Yingrui" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yingrui" last="Li">Yingrui Li</name><name sortKey="Li, Zhuo" sort="Li, Zhuo" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhuo" last="Li">Zhuo Li</name><name sortKey="Lindgreen, Stinus" sort="Lindgreen, Stinus" uniqKey="Lindgreen S" first="Stinus" last="Lindgreen">Stinus Lindgreen</name><name sortKey="Lindgreen, Stinus" sort="Lindgreen, Stinus" uniqKey="Lindgreen S" first="Stinus" last="Lindgreen">Stinus Lindgreen</name><name sortKey="Lorenzen, Eline D" sort="Lorenzen, Eline D" uniqKey="Lorenzen E" first="Eline D." last="Lorenzen">Eline D. Lorenzen</name><name sortKey="Meldgaard, Morten" sort="Meldgaard, Morten" uniqKey="Meldgaard M" first="Morten" last="Meldgaard">Morten Meldgaard</name><name sortKey="Moltke, Ida" sort="Moltke, Ida" uniqKey="Moltke I" first="Ida" last="Moltke">Ida Moltke</name><name sortKey="Nielsen, Finn C" sort="Nielsen, Finn C" uniqKey="Nielsen F" first="Finn C." last="Nielsen">Finn C. Nielsen</name><name sortKey="Nielsen, Kasper" sort="Nielsen, Kasper" uniqKey="Nielsen K" first="Kasper" last="Nielsen">Kasper Nielsen</name><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><name sortKey="Pedersen, Jakob Skou" sort="Pedersen, Jakob Skou" uniqKey="Pedersen J" first="Jakob Skou" last="Pedersen">Jakob Skou Pedersen</name><name sortKey="Raghavan, Maanasa" sort="Raghavan, Maanasa" uniqKey="Raghavan M" first="Maanasa" last="Raghavan">Maanasa Raghavan</name><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Morten" sort="Rasmussen, Morten" uniqKey="Rasmussen M" first="Morten" last="Rasmussen">Morten Rasmussen</name><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Pontén">Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén</name><name sortKey="Tommerup, Niels" sort="Tommerup, Niels" uniqKey="Tommerup N" first="Niels" last="Tommerup">Niels Tommerup</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Hao" sort="Zhang, Hao" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hao" last="Zhang">Hao Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiuqing" sort="Zhang, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiuqing" last="Zhang">Xiuqing Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing" sort="Zhao, Jing" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing" last="Zhao">Jing Zhao</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><region name="Guangdong"><name sortKey="Li, Yingrui" sort="Li, Yingrui" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yingrui" last="Li">Yingrui Li</name></region><name sortKey="Chen, Minfeng" sort="Chen, Minfeng" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Minfeng" last="Chen">Minfeng Chen</name><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaosen" sort="Guo, Xiaosen" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaosen" last="Guo">Xiaosen Guo</name><name sortKey="Kristiansen, Karsten" sort="Kristiansen, Karsten" uniqKey="Kristiansen K" first="Karsten" last="Kristiansen">Karsten Kristiansen</name><name sortKey="Li, Zhuo" sort="Li, Zhuo" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhuo" last="Li">Zhuo Li</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Hao" sort="Zhang, Hao" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Hao" last="Zhang">Hao Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiuqing" sort="Zhang, Xiuqing" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiuqing" last="Zhang">Xiuqing Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing" sort="Zhao, Jing" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing" last="Zhao">Jing Zhao</name></country><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name></region><name sortKey="Gledhill, Andrew" sort="Gledhill, Andrew" uniqKey="Gledhill A" first="Andrew" last="Gledhill">Andrew Gledhill</name><name sortKey="Higham, Thomas F G" sort="Higham, Thomas F G" uniqKey="Higham T" first="Thomas F. G." last="Higham">Thomas F. G. Higham</name><name sortKey="Pierre, Tracey L" sort="Pierre, Tracey L" uniqKey="Pierre T" first="Tracey L." last="Pierre">Tracey L. Pierre</name><name sortKey="Raghavan, Maanasa" sort="Raghavan, Maanasa" uniqKey="Raghavan M" first="Maanasa" last="Raghavan">Maanasa Raghavan</name><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><name sortKey="Wilson, Andrew S" sort="Wilson, Andrew S" uniqKey="Wilson A" first="Andrew S." last="Wilson">Andrew S. Wilson</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Yong" sort="Wang, Yong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yong" last="Wang">Yong Wang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Crawford, Michael H" sort="Crawford, Michael H" uniqKey="Crawford M" first="Michael H." last="Crawford">Michael H. Crawford</name><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name><name sortKey="Tridico, Silvana" sort="Tridico, Silvana" uniqKey="Tridico S" first="Silvana" last="Tridico">Silvana Tridico</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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